Freight class decides what an LTL shipment costs. Here is the density formula, a worked example, the four factors behind a class and the habits that prevent reclass fees.
Procurement · Topic
LTL & Groupage Freight
Less-than-truckload, partial loads and European groupage: how shared road freight is priced and bought.
- 14 guides
- Updated Nov 15, 2026
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Latest in LTL & Groupage Freight
LTL vs FTL vs Groupage: How Partial-Load Road Freight Works and When to Use It
Shared road freight goes by different names on each side of the Atlantic. This guide explains LTL, groupage, partial and full truckload, and how to pick between them.
Accessorial Charges: Freight Add-Ons, Rate-Card Scope and Invoice Audit Controls
A procurement guide to accessorial charges: define add-ons, prevent double billing, approve exceptions and audit freight invoices against evidence.
Classification: Freight Classes, Commodity Data and Rate-Audit Controls
A procurement guide to CLASSIFICATION: freight-class inputs, commodity descriptions, density, handling, stowability, liability and rate-audit evidence.
Common Carrier vs Contract Carrier: Service Scope, Tariffs and Procurement Risk
A procurement guide to COMMON CARRIER and contract-carrier choices: service scope, tariffs, authority, liability, capacity, rates and remedies.
Commodity Rate: Specific-Cargo Tariffs, Classification and Audit Controls
A procurement guide to COMMODITY RATE: specific-cargo pricing, classification evidence, scope, validity, exceptions and freight audit.
All 14 guides at a glance
- LTL Freight Class and Density Pricing: How to Calculate It and Avoid Reclass Fees
- LTL vs FTL vs Groupage: How Partial-Load Road Freight Works and When to Use It
- Accessorial Charges: Freight Add-Ons, Rate-Card Scope and Invoice Audit Controls
- Classification: Freight Classes, Commodity Data and Rate-Audit Controls
- Common Carrier vs Contract Carrier: Service Scope, Tariffs and Procurement Risk
- Commodity Rate: Specific-Cargo Tariffs, Classification and Audit Controls
- Base Rate: Freight Tariff Baselines and Accessorial Boundaries
- Balloon Freight: Cube, Density and Packaging Cost Controls
- Classification Rating: Freight-Class Data, Density and Invoice Governance
- Billed Weight vs Actual Weight: Freight Invoice and VGM Controls
- All-In Freight and Any Quantity Rates: Scope, Volume and Exception Controls
- A.T.A. and Road Carrier Qualification: Procurement Controls for Motor Freight
- Rail and Port Intermodal Equipment: AAR, Boxcars, Carfloats and Classification Yards
- Freight Rates and Surcharges: BAF, CAF, Storage and Accessorial Charges
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All guides
Base Rate: Freight Tariff Baselines and Accessorial Boundaries
A procurement guide to BASE RATE, included freight scope, accessorial boundaries, rate validity, fuel adjustments and invoice audit.
Balloon Freight: Cube, Density and Packaging Cost Controls
A procurement guide to BALLOON FREIGHT, low-density cargo, dimensional rating, packaging cube, handling and total landed cost.
Classification Rating: Freight-Class Data, Density and Invoice Governance
A procurement guide to classification rating, freight class, density, handling, stowability, liability and carrier audit evidence.
Billed Weight vs Actual Weight: Freight Invoice and VGM Controls
A procurement guide to billed weight, actual weight, dimensional weight, verified gross mass and freight invoice reconciliation.
All-In Freight and Any Quantity Rates: Scope, Volume and Exception Controls
A procurement guide to all-in freight, any-quantity rates, rate-card scope, minimums, accessorial exceptions and invoice governance.
A.T.A. and Road Carrier Qualification: Procurement Controls for Motor Freight
A procurement guide to A.T.A., carrier qualification, FMCSA evidence, insurance, subcontractor controls, lane awards and motor-freight SLAs.