by Ekrem Duman | Aug 26, 2026 | Cartel Enforcement, Competition & Antitrust
⚡ TL;DRInformation exchange between competitors can infringe competition law on its own — no price-fixing agreement required — when it removes strategic uncertainty about future prices, volumes or plans. Hub-and-spoke arrangements extend the risk vertically:...
by Ekrem Duman | Aug 26, 2026 | Cartel Enforcement, Competition & Antitrust
⚡ TL;DRCartel fines are built, not plucked: the EU starts from up to 30% of affected sales multiplied by the years of participation (plus a 15–25% “entry fee”), adjusts for aggravating and mitigating factors, and caps the total at 10% of group...
by Ekrem Duman | Aug 26, 2026 | Cartel Enforcement, Competition & Antitrust
⚡ TL;DRBid rigging — coordinating who wins a tender and at what price — is treated as the most damaging cartel form because it directly steals from public budgets. The techniques are universal (cover bidding, suppression, rotation, subcontract payoffs), the red flags...
by Ekrem Duman | Aug 26, 2026 | Cartel Enforcement, Competition & Antitrust
⚡ TL;DRLeniency programs give full immunity from fines to the first cartel participant that confesses and cooperates, and graduated reductions (typically 20–50%) to those that follow with significant added value. They exist in every major regime — the EU, US,...
by Ekrem Duman | Aug 26, 2026 | Cartel Enforcement, Competition & Antitrust
⚡ TL;DRA cartel is an agreement or concerted practice between competitors to fix prices, rig bids, share markets or limit output. It is the most serious competition offence everywhere: a “by object” infringement in the EU and Türkiye needing no proof of...
