Surcharge cartels, slot-based merger remedies and infrastructure access: how competition law works where capacity is scarce and crises are routine.
Law · Topic
Competition & Antitrust
Expert guides, analysis and tool comparisons on Competition & Antitrust from the kurums.com Law desk — written for business decision-makers and updated as the market moves.
- 45 guides
- 9 subtopics
- Updated Aug 26, 2026
Latest in Competition & Antitrust
Competition Enforcement in Financial Services: Benchmarks, Interchange and Access
Chat rooms as cartels, interchange as price fixing, and NFC access as an essential facility — how competition law arrived on the trading floor.
Telecoms Competition Law: Margin Squeeze, Access and the 4-to-3 Merger Debate
The sector that built margin-squeeze doctrine and reshaped merger proof standards — access abuse, squeeze tests and the 4-to-3 consolidation argument.
Competition Enforcement in Energy Markets: Unbundling, Withholding and State Aid
Structural commitments that divested networks, conduct rules on withholding and access, and the state aid layer that decides which energy projects get built.
Pharmaceutical Competition Law: Pay-for-Delay, Excessive Pricing and Pipeline Mergers
Patent settlements as cartels, 2,600% price rises as abuse, and mergers decided on molecules years from market — pharma’s distinctive competition doctrines.
Subsidy Control Beyond the EU: The UK Regime and the Global Rules
Self-assessment, advisory scrutiny and one-month challenges: how the UK replaced state aid law — and how WTO rules discipline subsidies everywhere else.
All guides
Tax Rulings as State Aid: Apple, Fiat, Amazon and What Survived
A decade of tax-ruling decisions, the reference-system rule that killed most of them, and the one that delivered €14 billion.
The EU Foreign Subsidies Regulation: The Third Gate on European Deals
Non-EU subsidies inside the single market: the FSR’s M&A and tender filings, the distortion test, and the data problem most groups discover too late.
State Aid Notification and Recovery: How the Procedure Actually Works
Why compatible aid still gets repaid: the notification procedure, recovery with compound interest, and the national-court route that moves faster than Brussels.
EU State Aid Rules Explained: When Is Public Support Illegal?
Grants, tax rulings, guarantees and cheap land: what makes public support illegal aid — and why the company, not the government, repays it.
Agency and Franchising Under Competition Law: Who Can Set the Price?
When a principal may lawfully set prices, why sham agency fails the risk test, and how franchise systems differ — with the dual-role platform problem.
Online Sales Restrictions and Platform Bans: What Brands Can Still Control
Marketplace bans, dual pricing, price-comparison rules and parity clauses: what suppliers may still control online after the 2022 reforms.
