Buyer's guide · Startup
We compared six US R&D tax credit services on published fees, how they handle the startup payroll tax offset, audit support, documentation approach and the company size each one suits.
- Startup already using Pilot for books: Pilot — Pilot publishes its R&D tax credit fee as 20 percent of the total credit received.
- Early startup buying tax filing too: Fondo — R&D Tax Credit Study (Form 6765) is a TaxPass add-on, with add-ons priced as low as 500 dollars.
- Startup wanting software plus experts: Clarus R+D — Clarus says companies pay a small base fee plus a percentage of the credit, with a startup pricing option.
- Company under 100 employees worried about audits: Boast — AuditShield includes defense in an IRS or CRA audit of the R&D claim.
- Large enterprise tax team: Neo.Tax — Platform built for enterprise tax teams, with customers such as Adobe, Block and Capital One listed on its site.
The US federal research credit under Section 41 rewards companies for qualified research expenses such as engineering wages, supplies and a portion of contractor costs. Most early startups have no income tax to offset, so the law lets a qualified small business elect to apply up to 500,000 dollars of the credit each year against payroll taxes instead. Claiming it takes a technical study of eligible projects, a calculation of qualified expenses, Form 6765 with the income tax return and Form 8974 with quarterly payroll filings. R&D tax credit services handle that work. Buyers are founders, finance leads and CFOs at software, hardware, biotech and other technical companies, from seed-stage startups to large enterprises.
We compared each service on six fields: published fee or fee model, free assessment or trial, payroll offset support, audit support, typical client size, and the main limitation we found. Services are listed in buyer order, starting with providers that publish a fee and ending with quote-led platforms built for larger companies. The order is not a quality ranking. Fees and terms were checked on official pricing, product and help pages on 12 October 2026, and the payroll offset rules on IRS and statutory sources. Where a provider does not publish a fee, we say so. This article is general information, not tax advice.
R&D Tax Credit Services compared at a glance
| Platform | Pricing | Best for | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Pilot | R&D Tax Credit: 20% of total credit received | Startups already using Pilot bookkeeping | Site → |
| 2. Fondo | TaxPass from 1,450 dollars/yr; add-ons incl. R&D study priced as low as 500 dollars | Early startups bundling tax filing | Site → |
| 3. Clarus R+D | Small base fee plus a percentage of the credit; amounts not published | Startups wanting software plus specialists | Site → |
| 4. Boast | Quote-based; no fee published | Small tech companies prioritizing audit defense | Site → |
| 5. Leyton | Quote-based; no cost if no credit is identified at initial assessment | Companies across many industries | Site → |
| 6. Neo.Tax | Quote-based; demo required | Enterprise tax teams | Site → |
Pricing checked 12 October 2026 on each vendor's official pricing or product pages. Prices are list prices in USD unless stated; "Quote-based" means the vendor does not publish a price. Order follows buyer fit and pricing transparency, not a quality score. Confirm billing basis, minimums and taxes with the vendor before you buy. Methodology is described below.
The 6 options in detail
Pilot
Best for startups already using Pilot bookkeepingBest for: Venture-backed startups that already use Pilot for bookkeeping and tax and want the credit handled by the same team.
| Attribute | Pilot |
|---|---|
| Published pricing | R&D Tax Credit listed at 20 percent of the total credit received; C-Corp tax filing from 2,450 dollars per year |
| Free plan or trial | No free trial; tax plans require Pilot Bookkeeping |
| Payroll offset support | Credit service sits alongside Pilot's tax filing; confirm Form 8974 payroll handoff with your payroll provider |
| Audit support | Not detailed on the pricing page; ask what audit support the 20 percent fee covers |
| Typical client size | Seed to growth-stage startups using Pilot for bookkeeping, tax and CFO services |
| Main limitation | Percentage fee grows with the size of your credit, and tax services require Pilot Bookkeeping |
- Fee is published as a clear percentage, so you can estimate cost before signing.
- Bookkeeping, tax and the credit study are handled by one provider, which reduces data handoffs.
- A contingency-style percentage can cost more than a flat fee for companies with large credits.
Our take: Pilot is an accounting firm for startups that publishes most of its prices, including its R&D Tax Credit service at 20 percent of the total credit received. Its tax plans, such as C-Corp filing from 2,450 dollars per year, require Pilot Bookkeeping, so the credit fits best for companies already on that stack. In practice, the advantage is that the team preparing your books and income tax return also documents qualified research expenses, which keeps payroll data, general ledger and Form 6765 consistent. Because the fee is a share of the credit, a 100,000 dollar credit would cost 20,000 dollars, so model the numbers against flat-fee options. In a sales call, ask whether the fee covers state credits, how payroll offset elections are coordinated with your payroll provider for Form 8974, and what audit support is included. Compared with Fondo, Pilot's fee scales with the credit; compared with Boast or Neo.Tax, it is part of a full accounting relationship rather than a standalone credit specialist.
Fondo
Best for early startups bundling tax filingBest for: Seed-stage Delaware C-Corps that want annual tax filing and an R&D credit study from one low-cost provider.
| Attribute | Fondo |
|---|---|
| Published pricing | TaxPass from 1,450 dollars per year (limited-time); R&D Tax Credit Study (Form 6765) listed among add-ons priced as low as 500 dollars |
| Free plan or trial | No free trial listed; bookkeeping from 399 dollars per month as a separate service |
| Payroll offset support | Markets up to 500,000 dollars in cash credits per year for startups; confirm payroll filing handoff |
| Audit support | Not described on the pricing page we checked |
| Typical client size | Early-stage startups and scaling tech companies, including founders outside the US with Delaware entities |
| Main limitation | Exact R&D study price varies, and audit support terms are not published |
- TaxPass bundles Form 1120, one state filing, Delaware franchise tax and one foreign shareholder filing.
- Listed as a Y Combinator deal on its site, which reflects a startup-focused client base.
- The R&D study price is described only as varying and as low as 500 dollars per add-on, so confirm the actual quote.
Our take: Fondo is a tax and bookkeeping provider for startups. Its TaxPass starts at 1,450 dollars per year as a limited-time price and covers federal Form 1120, one state filing, Delaware franchise tax and one foreign shareholder filing. The R&D Tax Credit Study, which produces Form 6765, is listed as an add-on, and add-ons are priced as low as 500 dollars with pricing that varies. Fondo's site markets up to 500,000 dollars in cash credits per year, which matches the payroll offset ceiling for qualified small businesses. In practice, this suits a seed company that needs its first income tax return and wants the credit election made on time, since the election must be on a timely filed return. In a sales call, ask for the R&D study quote based on your headcount, who prepares Form 8974 each quarter, and what happens if the IRS asks questions. Compared with Pilot, Fondo can be cheaper for a small credit; compared with Boast, it does not publish audit defense terms.
Clarus R+D
Best for startups wanting software plus specialistsBest for: Startups and growth companies that want R&D credit software backed by specialists, with a startup pricing option.
| Attribute | Clarus R+D |
|---|---|
| Published pricing | Quote-based; Clarus says companies pay a small base fee plus a percentage of the credit, with special startup pricing |
| Free plan or trial | Free eligibility check, free consultation and an online credit calculator |
| Payroll offset support | Startups page highlights payroll offset for qualified small businesses |
| Audit support | Not described on the pages we checked; SMB tier includes supporting documentation and a completed Form 6765 |
| Typical client size | Startups, growth businesses, enterprises and CPAs serving clients |
| Main limitation | Fee percentages are not published, and some page figures reflect the older 250,000 dollar payroll cap |
- Offers separate products for startups, SMBs, enterprises and tax practitioners.
- SMB tier lists supporting documentation and a completed Form 6765 as deliverables.
- Audit support is not described, and the fee percentage requires a consultation.
Our take: Clarus R+D combines R&D credit software with specialist review. Its startups page describes pricing as a small base fee plus a percentage of the credit and mentions a special startup pricing option, but does not list amounts. A free eligibility check, a free consultation and an online calculator are available before you commit. The homepage notes that startups can claim up to 500,000 dollars against payroll taxes, while the startups page still describes a 250,000 dollar Social Security cap, so confirm the current limits with your advisor. In practice, the software gathers project and payroll data and specialists review the claim before producing Form 6765 and supporting documentation. In a consultation, ask for the base fee and percentage in writing, what audit support is included, and how the software pulls data from your payroll and engineering tools. Compared with Pilot, its percentage may be lower but is not published; compared with Leyton, it leans more on self-serve software.
Boast
Best for small tech companies prioritizing audit defenseBest for: US and Canadian companies with up to about 100 employees that want audit defense built into their R&D credit claim.
| Attribute | Boast |
|---|---|
| Published pricing | Quote-based; Boast does not publish fees and rates itself below traditional consultants on a relative cost scale |
| Free plan or trial | Free estimate of federal and state credit value from an expert |
| Payroll offset support | Covers federal Section 41 and state credits for US clients; confirm payroll election handling |
| Audit support | AuditShield: defense in an IRS or CRA audit; Boast reports 98 percent of claims delivered without audit |
| Typical client size | Startups, SMBs and mid-market companies up to about 100 employees in the US and Canada |
| Main limitation | No published fee, and audit statistics are the vendor's own claims |
- Says clients spend about 5 hours on the process, compared with 40-plus hours with traditional consultants.
- Serves both US R&D credits and Canadian claims, useful for cross-border teams.
- Pricing is not published, so cost comparisons require a quote.
Our take: Boast prepares R&D tax credit claims for companies in the US and Canada and focuses on smaller technical teams, with more than 2,000 clients by its own count. It does not publish fees. Its AuditShield offering states that Boast will defend you in an IRS or CRA audit of the claim, and its platform compiles audit documentation from project tickets, timestamps and expense data in your internal systems. Boast reports that more than 98 percent of claims are delivered without an IRS or state audit, a vendor figure rather than independent data. In practice, you connect engineering and payroll tools, meet with in-house tax professionals during the year, and review the claim before filing. In a sales call, ask for the fee structure, whether AuditShield is included or extra, and how payroll offset elections are coordinated. Compared with Clarus, Boast puts more emphasis on audit defense; compared with Neo.Tax, it targets smaller companies.
Leyton
Best for companies across many industriesBest for: Manufacturers, life sciences firms and other non-software companies that want a consultancy with engineers and scientists on staff.
| Attribute | Leyton |
|---|---|
| Published pricing | Quote-based; Leyton states there is no cost at the initial assessment stage if no credit is identified |
| Free plan or trial | Free assessment; REV digital platform estimates claim potential |
| Payroll offset support | Notes qualified small businesses can apply the credit against payroll tax liability |
| Audit support | Unlimited technical support in an audit, including IDR responses and IRS conference support |
| Typical client size | US companies of any size across 65+ industries, including manufacturing and life sciences |
| Main limitation | Fee model is not published beyond the no-credit, no-cost initial assessment |
- Team includes accountants, scientists, engineers and doctors.
- Also handles state credits, grant funding and the orphan drug tax credit.
- You need an assessment and quote to learn the fee structure.
Our take: Leyton is an international consultancy with a US practice covering federal and state R&D credits, grant funding and the orphan drug credit. Its R&D page says the initial assessment costs nothing if no credit is identified, but it does not publish the fee model after that. Leyton describes unlimited technical support during an audit, including gathering documents, drafting IDR responses and acting as technical support in IRS conferences. It also notes that qualified small businesses can use the credit against payroll taxes. In practice, Leyton fits companies outside pure software, such as manufacturers, food and beverage producers or medical device firms, where technical narratives need engineering or scientific input. In an assessment call, ask whether fees are contingent on the credit, how contractor costs are handled, and what audit support costs after filing. Compared with Boast, Leyton covers a broader range of industries; compared with Pilot or Fondo, it is a standalone specialist rather than an accounting provider.
Neo.Tax
Best for enterprise tax teamsBest for: Large company tax departments that want AI-driven R&D credit documentation traced to source data.
| Attribute | Neo.Tax |
|---|---|
| Published pricing | Quote-based; no fee published, demo and walkthrough on your own data offered |
| Free plan or trial | 30-minute walkthrough on your own data |
| Payroll offset support | Built for income tax credits at large companies; payroll offset not addressed on homepage |
| Audit support | States every figure is traced to source and lists a QRE Defender agent; audit terms not detailed |
| Typical client size | Enterprise tax teams; customer logos include Adobe, Block, Capital One and Notion |
| Main limitation | Positioned for enterprise tax teams, so early startups may find it more than they need |
- Pulls signals from engineering tools such as Jira and GitHub and from payroll and ledger data.
- Positions every figure as traceable to source data for auditors.
- No published pricing, and the homepage does not address the startup payroll offset.
Our take: Neo.Tax began with a focus on small businesses and startups, according to its about page, but its current homepage targets enterprise tax teams, with customer logos including Adobe, Block, Capital One and Notion and testimonials from tax leaders at large firms. The platform uses AI to identify qualifying projects from engineering tools such as Jira and GitHub and from payroll and ledger data, and it states that every figure is traced to source. It lists an agent called QRE Defender without describing it in detail. Pricing is not published; the next step is a 30-minute walkthrough on your own data. In practice, this suits companies with large engineering organizations and an in-house tax team that wants documentation at scale. In a demo, ask how the platform handles payroll offset elections for smaller subsidiaries, what audit support is included, and how data access is secured. Compared with Boast, Neo.Tax aims at much larger companies.
How to choose an R&D tax credit service
Check whether you qualify for the payroll offset
Under Section 41(h), a qualified small business has gross receipts under 5 million dollars for the year and no gross receipts in any year before the five-year period ending with that year. Such a company can elect to apply up to 500,000 dollars of research credit per year against payroll taxes for tax years beginning after 2022, first against Social Security tax and then Medicare tax. The election is limited to five years. Ask each provider how they confirm eligibility. This is general information, not tax advice; confirm with your tax advisor.
Do not miss the election deadline
The IRS says the payroll election is made on Form 6765 attached to a timely filed income tax return, including extensions, and cannot be made on an amended return. The credit is then claimed on Form 8974 with the quarterly employment tax return, starting with the first quarter after the income tax return is filed. A provider that also handles or coordinates your income tax return reduces the risk of a late election. Ask who files Form 6765, who prepares Form 8974 each quarter, and how they coordinate with your payroll provider.
Compare fee models, not just rates
Fee models vary. Pilot publishes 20 percent of the credit received. Clarus describes a small base fee plus a percentage. Fondo lists the R&D study as an add-on priced as low as 500 dollars. Boast, Leyton and Neo.Tax quote individually. A percentage fee aligns cost with results but grows with your credit; a flat fee can be cheaper for larger claims. Model your expected credit and ask each provider for the total cost, including state credits, amended returns and any audit support charges.
Ask how the claim is documented
The IRS expects support for qualified research activities and expenses. Strong documentation links engineering projects to the four-part test, maps employee time to those projects and reconciles wages to payroll records. Boast and Neo.Tax pull data from engineering tools; Leyton uses engineers and scientists to write technical narratives; Pilot works from the books it maintains. Ask to see a sample report, what you must provide each quarter, and how much founder or engineering time the process takes.
Understand the audit support you are buying
An R&D claim can be examined years after filing. Boast includes defense in an IRS or CRA audit through AuditShield, and Leyton describes unlimited technical support during an audit. Other providers describe documentation without detailing audit terms. Ask whether audit support is included in the fee, how long it lasts, who will speak with the IRS, and whether the provider refunds fees if credits are disallowed. Read the engagement letter rather than relying on marketing pages.
How R&D tax credit service pricing works
R&D credit services use three main fee models. Percentage fees charge a share of the credit; Pilot lists its R&D Tax Credit service at 20 percent of the total credit received. Hybrid models combine a base fee with a percentage; Clarus R+D describes a small base fee plus a percentage of the credit, with special startup pricing. Flat or add-on fees charge a set price for the study; Fondo lists its R&D Tax Credit Study as a TaxPass add-on, with add-ons priced as low as 500 dollars and pricing that varies.
Quote-based providers such as Boast, Leyton and Neo.Tax set fees after an assessment. Leyton states there is no cost at the initial assessment stage if no credit is identified. When comparing quotes, use the same expected credit amount, number of employees and states for each provider, and ask whether fees cover federal and state credits, the payroll offset filings each quarter, prior-year amendments and audit defense. A provider with a lower percentage can still cost more if audit support or state credits are billed separately.
Also consider timing. With the payroll offset, the cash benefit arrives as reduced payroll taxes over the quarters after you file your income tax return, while some fees are due on filing. Ask when fees are invoiced.
Kurums Match: which one fits you?
Pick the situation closest to yours. Each answer jumps to the matching card above.
I'm already on Pilot for bookkeeping and taxExisting Pilot customer
Pilot → Pilot publishes a 20 percent fee and keeps the credit study with the team that already maintains your books and tax return.
I need my first tax return and an R&D creditSeed-stage C-Corp
Fondo → Fondo bundles annual tax filing in TaxPass and offers the R&D study as an add-on priced as low as 500 dollars.
I want software with expert reviewSelf-serve plus specialists
Clarus R+D → Clarus pairs its R&D credit software with specialists and offers a startup pricing option.
I worry about an IRS audit of my claimSmall team, audit concern
Boast → Boast's AuditShield states it will defend you in an IRS or CRA audit of the R&D claim.
I run a hardware or life sciences companyNon-software R&D
Leyton → Leyton's team includes engineers, scientists and doctors and covers 65+ industries.
Buying tip
Make the payroll offset decision before your income tax return is filed, because the election cannot be made on an amended return. Ask your provider and payroll company who prepares Form 8974 each quarter. This is general information, not tax advice.
R&D Tax Credit Services: frequently asked questions
Can a pre-revenue startup use the R&D tax credit?
Yes, through the payroll offset. A qualified small business with gross receipts under 5 million dollars and no gross receipts before the five-year period ending with the tax year can elect to apply up to 500,000 dollars of research credit per year against payroll taxes for tax years beginning after 2022. The election is limited to five years. This is general information, not tax advice.
How is the payroll tax offset claimed?
According to the IRS, the company makes the election on Form 6765 attached to a timely filed income tax return, including extensions. It then claims the credit on Form 8974 with its quarterly employment tax return, such as Form 941, starting with the first quarter after the income tax return is filed. Unused amounts carry forward to later quarters. Confirm details with a tax advisor.
What do R&D tax credit services charge?
Published fees we found include Pilot at 20 percent of the credit received and Fondo add-ons priced as low as 500 dollars. Clarus R+D describes a small base fee plus a percentage. Boast, Leyton and Neo.Tax quote individually. Compare total cost on the same expected credit, including state credits and audit support.
Is MainStreet still an option for R&D tax credits?
We could not verify that MainStreet offers R&D tax credit services in 2026. The mainstreet.com page we loaded described a private holding company and did not mention tax credit services, so we left it out of this comparison. If you were a past client, request copies of your prior studies and filings for your records.
Does claiming the R&D credit increase audit risk?
Leyton's R&D page says claiming the credit does not by itself raise audit risk, while amending a return slightly increases the chance of examination. Boast reports that most of its claims are delivered without audit, which is a vendor figure. Strong contemporaneous documentation is the main protection. This is general information, not tax advice.
What expenses count toward the R&D credit?
Qualified research expenses generally include wages for employees doing, supervising or supporting qualified research, supplies used in research, and a portion of contract research costs. Leyton notes subcontracted costs count at 65 percent and that work must be performed in the US. Activities must meet the four-part test. Ask your provider to explain how each expense is classified.
Related comparisons
Last updated 13 October 2026 · Pricing checked 12 October 2026.
Disclosure: Kurums is reader-supported through advertising. We currently have no affiliate, sponsorship or partnership relationship with any product compared on this page; if that changes, this page will say so and affected links will carry sponsored attributes.
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