by Ekrem Duman | May 30, 2026 | Banking, Payments & Banking Infrastructure
⚡ TL;DRA core banking system is the central software that records accounts, processes transactions, and maintains the ledger at the heart of a bank. Legacy core systems — decades-old and hard to change — are a major reason traditional banks struggle to innovate, which...
by Ekrem Duman | May 30, 2026 | Banking, Payments & Banking Infrastructure
⚡ TL;DRSettlement systems come in two main types. Real-time gross settlement (RTGS) settles each payment individually and instantly in central-bank money, eliminating settlement risk but needing lots of liquidity. Deferred net settlement batches and nets many...
by Ekrem Duman | May 30, 2026 | Banking, Payments & Banking Infrastructure
⚡ TL;DRSWIFT is the global messaging network banks use to send secure payment instructions across borders — but it moves messages, not money. The actual funds travel through correspondent banks holding accounts for each other, which is why international payments can...
by Ekrem Duman | May 30, 2026 | Banking, Payments & Banking Infrastructure
⚡ TL;DRA payment system is the infrastructure that moves money between people, businesses, and banks. Behind every card tap or transfer sits a chain of clearing and settlement — messaging that records who owes whom, then the actual movement of funds between banks,...
by Ekrem Duman | May 30, 2026 | Bank Risk & Capital Management, Banking
⚡ TL;DREnterprise risk management (ERM) is how a bank identifies, measures, controls, and oversees all its risks in a coordinated way, rather than in silos. Built on the ‘three lines of defence’ model and strong risk governance, it aims to keep the...
by Ekrem Duman | May 30, 2026 | Bank Risk & Capital Management, Banking
⚡ TL;DROperational risk is the danger of loss from failed processes, people, systems, or external events — fraud, IT outages, cyberattacks, human error, and more. As banking has digitised, cyber risk has become one of the most serious operational threats, capable of...
