A procurement guide to freight CLAIMS, notice deadlines, evidence chains, liability, recovery, settlement and corrective action.
Procurement · Topic
Contract Negotiation — Page 3
Expert guides, analysis and tool comparisons on Contract Negotiation from the kurums.com Procurement desk — written for business decision-makers and updated as the market moves.
- 67 guides
- Updated Jul 23, 2026
All guides · page 3
CI (Cost and Insurance): Legacy Trade Wording and Risk Controls
A procurement guide to CI (COST AND INSURANCE) as legacy or bilateral wording, with clear alternatives under current Incoterms rules.
Charter Party: Vessel Hire, Laycan and Performance-Risk Controls
A procurement guide to CHARTER PARTY contracts, voyage and time charter scope, laycan, performance, demurrage and risk allocation.
Certificates: Validity, Scope and Supplier Compliance Evidence
A procurement guide to CERTIFICATES as controlled compliance evidence: issuer, scope, validity, accreditation, renewal and audit readiness.
Cash with Order: Purchase-Order Funding and Supplier-Performance Controls
A procurement guide to CASH WITH ORDER, order-time payment, supplier commitment, cancellation, production evidence and refund controls.
Cash in Advance: Supplier Risk, Milestones and Working-Capital Controls
A procurement guide to CASH IN ADVANCE, supplier risk, payment milestones, pre-shipment evidence, refunds and working-capital exposure.
Cash Against Documents: Payment Release and Document-Control Rules
A procurement guide to CASH AGAINST DOCUMENTS, document release, payment triggers, bank roles, discrepancies and cargo-control risk.
C&F vs CFR: Retiring Legacy Cost-and-Freight Wording
A procurement guide to C&F, CFR, legacy cost-and-freight wording, named ports, risk transfer, documents and landed-cost clarity.
CAF (Currency Adjustment Factor): FX Freight Risk and Contract Controls
A procurement guide to CAF, currency adjustment factors, FX exposure, freight pricing, index formulas, caps and invoice audit.
Base Rate: Freight Tariff Baselines and Accessorial Boundaries
A procurement guide to BASE RATE, included freight scope, accessorial boundaries, rate validity, fuel adjustments and invoice audit.
Aboard Milestones: Loading Evidence, Custody and Delivery-Risk Controls
A procurement guide to ABOARD, loading milestones, custody evidence, risk transfer, transport documents and delivery acceptance.
Collecting Banks and Documentary Collection: Payment, Document and Release Controls
A procurement guide to collecting banks, remitting banks, documentary collection, D/P, D/A, document release and payment risk.