by Ekrem Duman | Aug 26, 2026 | Abuse of Dominance, Competition & Antitrust
⚡ TL;DRPredatory pricing is a dominant firm pricing below cost to eliminate rivals and recoup later: below average variable/avoidable cost is presumed abusive (AKZO), between AVC and average total cost it is abusive with exclusionary intent, and US law adds a strict...
by Ekrem Duman | Aug 26, 2026 | Abuse of Dominance, Competition & Antitrust
⚡ TL;DRMarket definition sets the denominator of every share figure, and dominance assessment tests whether that share equals real power. The tools: demand-side substitutability probed by the SSNIP (hypothetical monopolist) test, supply-side substitution, geographic...
by Ekrem Duman | Aug 26, 2026 | Abuse of Dominance, Competition & Antitrust
⚡ TL;DRBeing dominant is legal; abusing dominance is not. Abuse means a dominant firm using methods other than competition on the merits to exclude rivals (exclusive dealing, predatory pricing, tying, refusal to supply, self-preferencing) or to exploit customers...
by Ekrem Duman | Aug 26, 2026 | Cartel Enforcement, Competition & Antitrust
⚡ TL;DRInformation exchange between competitors can infringe competition law on its own — no price-fixing agreement required — when it removes strategic uncertainty about future prices, volumes or plans. Hub-and-spoke arrangements extend the risk vertically:...
by Ekrem Duman | Aug 26, 2026 | Cartel Enforcement, Competition & Antitrust
⚡ TL;DRCartel fines are built, not plucked: the EU starts from up to 30% of affected sales multiplied by the years of participation (plus a 15–25% “entry fee”), adjusts for aggravating and mitigating factors, and caps the total at 10% of group...
by Ekrem Duman | Aug 26, 2026 | Cartel Enforcement, Competition & Antitrust
⚡ TL;DRBid rigging — coordinating who wins a tender and at what price — is treated as the most damaging cartel form because it directly steals from public budgets. The techniques are universal (cover bidding, suppression, rotation, subcontract payoffs), the red flags...
