by Ekrem Duman | Aug 26, 2026 | Cartel Enforcement, Competition & Antitrust
⚡ TL;DRLeniency programs give full immunity from fines to the first cartel participant that confesses and cooperates, and graduated reductions (typically 20–50%) to those that follow with significant added value. They exist in every major regime — the EU, US,...
by Ekrem Duman | Aug 26, 2026 | Cartel Enforcement, Competition & Antitrust
⚡ TL;DRA cartel is an agreement or concerted practice between competitors to fix prices, rig bids, share markets or limit output. It is the most serious competition offence everywhere: a “by object” infringement in the EU and Türkiye needing no proof of...
by Ekrem Duman | Aug 26, 2026 | Competition & Antitrust, Landmark Antitrust Cases
⚡ TL;DRBlocked mergers teach more than cleared ones. GE/Honeywell (2001) proved regimes can diverge irreconcilably; Siemens/Alstom (2019) proved political pressure does not move the Commission; JetBlue/Spirit and Kroger/Albertsons (2024) proved US agencies can win...
by Ekrem Duman | Aug 26, 2026 | Competition & Antitrust, Landmark Antitrust Cases
⚡ TL;DRApple’s antitrust decade produced a split verdict: it largely won Epic v. Apple in US court (no monopoly finding, but an anti-steering injunction it was later held in contempt of), lost €1.84 billion in the EU music-streaming case, and became the...
by Ekrem Duman | Aug 26, 2026 | Competition & Antitrust, Landmark Antitrust Cases
⚡ TL;DRRegulators break companies up rarely — Standard Oil (1911) and AT&T (1984) remain the only giant structural dissolutions in US history — because breakups demand a clean structural theory of harm, separable businesses and judicial stamina. But separation is...
by Ekrem Duman | Aug 26, 2026 | Competition & Antitrust, Landmark Antitrust Cases
⚡ TL;DRGoogle has faced the broadest antitrust campaign ever mounted against one company: EU fines of €2.42 billion (Shopping), €4.34 billion (Android), €1.49 billion (AdSense — later annulled) and €2.95 billion (adtech, 2025); a US court finding...
